Activated carbons (ACs) from olive stone were prepared using CO2, steam, KOH, and H3PO4 as activating agents. The resultant activated carbons were characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, N2 adsorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method), iodine number, Boehm titration, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ammonia (NH3) was used as a test molecule to be adsorbed. The BET surface areas of the ACs obtained ranged from 1000 to 1986 m2 g-1. Type I isotherms were obtained for all the samples, although steam and H3PO4 ACs showed a significant mesopore contribution. KOH activation resulted in carbon with a high microporosity (98%) and high iodine adsorption (1030 mg g-1). KOH AC prepared with a KOH/pyrolyzed char weight ratio of 2 and at 900 °C showed the highest NH3 adsorption (252 mg g-1), favored by the high microporosity and adequate acidity. Chemical activation (KOH and H3PO4) promotes higher NH3 adsorption than the physical ACs prepared (CO2 and steam). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equilibrium models were used to correlate the NH3 adsorption isotherms, obtaining the best fit for the Freundlich equation. The results indicated that olive stone-based activated carbon could be used for commercial AC to remove NH3 from gaseous streams.

Abstract Introduction: Home hospitalization was born as a service that provides acute, home and complex interventions in the short term. In the Regional Hospital of Talca this unit is 7 years old, this study seeks to determine in the population that enters the unit, clinical characteristics and comorbidities. Method: Retrospective, descriptive analytical study, information collected by interview, data are collected during the year 2019, with a descriptive analysis of the study variables, continuous variables were described as mean and standard deviations, categorical variables as absolute frequencies and percentages, for the statistical analysis was used Microsoft Excel 2016 Results: The Home Hospitalization Unit during 2019 admitted 484 patients, representing an increase of 233.8%. Within the study variables, the month with the most admissions was July with 50 patients, the average age was 64.9 years (SD 3.34 years), female (60.95%), Married (47.3%) , did not perform physical activity (76.5%), with normal BMI (34.7%), within the comorbidities, HT and DM had a higher incidence with 329 and 209 diagnoses respectively, the most derived pathology was urinary infections (32.2%). Conclusions: The present work shows the variability of admitted patients, reduced costs and less use of medical supplies, improved physical activity and reduced acquired disability, decreased readmission, being an effective, efficient, safe care modality, with a high satisfaction rate without compromising quality and patient safety.

Resumen Introducción: La hospitalización domiciliaria nace como un servicio que proporciona intervenciones agudas, domiciliarias y complejas a corto plazo. En el Hospital Regional de Talca esta unidad tiene 7 años, este estudio busca determinar en la población que ingresa a la unidad, características clínicas y comorbilidades. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, analítico descriptivo, información recolectada mediante entrevista, se recolectan datos durante el año 2019, con un análisis descriptivo de las variables del estudio, las variables continuas se describieron como media y desviaciones estándar, las variables categóricas como frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, para el análisis estadístico se usó Microsoft Excel 2016. Resultados: La Unidad de Hospitalización Domiciliaria durante el año 2019 ingresa 484 pacientes, representando un aumento del 233,8%. Dentro de las variables del estudio, el mes con más ingresos fue julio con 50 pacientes, la edad promedio son 64,9 años (DE 3,34 años), sexo femenino (60,95%), Casados (47,3%), no realizaban actividad física (76,5%), con Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) normal (34,7%), dentro de las comorbilidades tuvo mayor incidencia la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y diabetes mellitus (DM) con 329 y 209 diagnósticos respectivamente, la patología más derivada fueron las infecciones urinarias (32,2%). Conclusiones: el presente trabajo muestra la variabilidad de los pacientes ingresados, se redujeron los costos y la menor utilización de insumos médicos, mejora de la actividad física y reducción de la discapacidad adquirida, disminuye la readmisión, siendo una modalidad de atención eficaz, eficiente, segura, con una alta tasa de satisfacción sin mermar la calidad y la seguridad del paciente.

In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV/RID) is applied to the simultaneous determination of acetic acid, formic acid, acetol, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde and levoglucosan in a by-product in an aqueous liquid phase that is produced by the Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) process and inan aqueous bio-oil phase, which comes from a fast pyrolysis process. Both processes were run in forest biomass. For the development and optimization of the proposed method, some chromatographic columns were evaluated based on separation principles of reversed phase and ionic exclusion, although it was previously performed with a solid phase extraction (SPE) process. Concentrations of acetic and formic acids in the liquids of the HTC process ranged from 0.26 to 1.5 % and from 0.14 to 2.7 %, respectively. Concentrations of acetic and formic acids, levoglucosan and glycolaldehyde in the aqueous bio-oil phases ranged from 0.4 - 4.6 %, 0.4 - 1.4 %, 0.13 - 2.5 % and 0.5 - 3.5%, respectively.

The analytic solution of the gravimetric tensor components, making use of the gravitational potential equation for a three-dimensional volumetric assembly composed of unit prisms of constant density, demands a high computational cost. This is due to the gravitational potential of each one of these prisms must be calculated for all of the points of a previously defined observation grid, which turns out in a large scale computational cost. In this work we introduce a hybrid design and its parallel implementation, based on OpenMP and MPI, for the calculation of the vectorial components of the gravimetric field and the components of the gravimetric tensor. Since the computing time is drastically reduced, the obtained performance leads close to optimal speed-up ratios. The applied parallelization technique consists of decomposing the problem into groups of prisms and using different memory allocations per processing core to avoid bottleneck issues when accessing the main memory in one cluster node, which are generally produced when using too many execution threads over the same region in OpenMP. Due OpenMP can be only used on shared memory systems is necessary to use MPI for the calculation distribution among cluster nodes, giving as a result a hybrid code (OpenMP+MPI) highly efficient and with a nearly perfect speed-up. Additionally the numerical results were validated with respect to its sequential counterpart.

La solución analítica de las componentes del tensor gravimétrico, utilizando la ecuación del potencial gravitacional para un ensamble volumétrico compuesto de prismas de densidad constante, requiere un alto costo computacional. Esto se debe a que el potencial gravitacional de cada uno de estos prismas tiene que ser calculado para todos los puntos de una malla de observación previamente definida, lo cual resulta en una carga computacional de gran escala. En este trabajo introducimos un diseño híbrido y su implementación paralela basada en OpenMP y MPI, para el cálculo de las componentes vectoriales del campo gravimétrico (Gx, Gy, Gz) y las componentes del tensor gravimétrico (Gxx, Gxy, Gzz, Gyy, Gyz, Gzz). El rendimiento obtenido conlleva a óptimas relaciones del speed-up, ya que el tiempo de cómputo es drásticamente reducido. La técnica de paralelización aplicada consiste en descomponer el problema en grupos de prismas y utilizar diferentes espacios de memoria por núcleo de procesamiento, con el fin de evitar los problemas de cuello de botella cuando se accesa a la memoria compartida de un nodo del cluster, que se producen generalmente cuando varios hilos de ejecución acceden a la misma región en OpenMP. Debido a que OpenMP solo puede utilizarse en sistemas de memoria compartida es necesario utilizar MPI para la distribución del cálculo entre los nodos del cluster, dando como resultado un código híbrido OpenMP+MPI altamente eficiente con un speed-up prácticamente perfecto. Adicionalmente los resultados numéricos fueron validados con respecto a su contraparte secuencial.